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Chapter 12 & 13 (Thermal Properties of Matter & Thermal Energy)
1. If it is given that 546 K equals 273 ˚C, then it follows that 400 K equals:
a. 127 ˚C b. 150 ˚C c. 473 ˚C d. 1200 ˚C
2. A steel wire, 150 m long at 10 ˚C, has a coefficient of linear expansion of 11 ´ 10‑6/C˚. Give its change in length as the temperature changes from 10 ˚C to 45 ˚C.
a. 0.65 cm b. 1.8 cm c. 5.8 cm d. 12 cm
3. A rectangular steel plate with dimensions of 30 cm ´ 25 cm is heated from 20 ˚C to 220 ˚C. What is its change in area? (coefficient of linear expansion for steel is 11 ´ 10‑6/C˚.)
a. 0.82 cm2 b. 1.65 cm2 c. 3.3 cm2 d. 6.6 cm2
4. What happens to a given mass of water as it is cooled from 4 ˚C to zero?
a. expands b. contracts c. vaporizes d. neither expands, contracts, nor vaporizes
5. An ideal gas is confined to a container with adjustable volume. The pressure and mole number are constant. By what factor will volume change if absolute temperature triples?
a. 0.33 b. 1/9 c. 3.0 d. 9.0
6. An ideal gas is confined to a container with constant volume. The number of moles is constant. By what factor will the pressure change if the absolute temperature triples?
a. 1/9 b. 0.33 c. 3.0 d. 9.0 7. An ideal gas is confined to a container with adjustable volume. The number of moles and temperature are constant. By what factor will the volume change if pressure triples?
a. 1/9 b. 0.33 c. 3.0 d. 9.0
8. A two liter container holds half a mole of an ideal gas at a pressure of 12.5 atmospheres. What is the gas temperature? (R = 0.0821 liter‑ATM/mole‑K)
A. 1975 K b. 1187 K c. 965 K d. 610 K
9. Two ideal gases, X and Y, are thoroughly mixed and at thermal equilibrium in a single container. The molecular mass of X is 9 times that of Y. What is the ratio of root mean square velocities of the two gases, vx(rms)/vy(rms)?
a. 9/1 b. 3/1 c. 1/3 d. 1/9
10. The observation that materials expand in size with an increase in temperature can be applied to what approximate proportion of existing substances?
a. 100% b. Most c. Few d. None
11. Which best describes the relationship between two systems in thermal equilibrium?
a. no net energy is exchanged b. volumes are equal c. masses are equal d. zero velocity
12. What is the temperature of a system in thermal equilibrium with another system made up of water and steam at one atmosphere of pressure?
a. 0 ˚F b. 273 K c. 0 K d. 100 ˚C 13. What is the temperature of a system in thermal equilibrium with another system made up of ice and water at one atmosphere of pressure?
a. 0 ˚F b. 273 K c. 0 K d. 100 ˚C
14. Which best describes a system made up of ice, water and steam existing together?
a. absolute zero b. triple point c. ice point d. steam point
15. The absolute temperature of an ideal gas is directly proportional to which of the following properties, when taken as an average, of the molecules of that gas?
a. speed b. momentum c. mass d. kinetic energy
16. The zeroth law of thermodynamics pertains to what relational condition that may exist between two systems?
a. zero net forces b. zero velocities c. zero temperature d. thermal equilibrium
17. Which best expresses the value for the coefficient of volume expansion, b for given material as a function of its corresponding coefficient of linear expansion, a?
a. b = a3 b. b = 3 a c. b = a2 d. b = 2 a
18. A steel plate has a hole drilled through it. The plate is put into a furnace and heated. What happens to the size of the inside diameter of a hole as its temperature increases?
a. increases b. decreases c. remains constant d. becomes elliptical 19. With volume and molar quantity held constant, by what factor does the absolute temperature change for an ideal gas when the pressure is five times bigger?
a. 0.2 b. 1.0 c. 5.0 d. 25.0
20. With molar quantity and temperature held constant, by what factor does the pressure of an ideal gas change when the volume is five times bigger?
a. 0.2 b. 1.0 c. 5.0 d. 25.0
21.A temperature change from 15 to 35 ˚C corresponds to what incremental change in °F?
a. 20 b. 40 c. 36 d. 313
22. A substance is heated from 15 ˚C to 35 ˚C. What would the same incremental change be when registered in Kelvins?
a. 20 b. 40 c. 36 d. 313
23. 88 ˚F is how many degrees Celsius?
a. 31 b. 49 c. 56 d. 158
24. A brass cube, 10 cm on a side, is raised in temperature by 200 ˚C. The coefficient of volume expansion of brass is 57 ´ 10‑6/C˚. By what percentage does volume increase?
a. 12% b. 2.8% c. 1.14% d. 0.86%
25. A brass cube, 10 cm on a side, is raised in temperature by 200 ˚C. The coefficient of volume expansion of brass is 57 ´ 10‑6/C˚. By what percentage is any one of the 10 cm edges increased in length?
a. 4% b. 2.8% c. 0.38% d. 0.29%
26. An automobile gas tank is filled to its capacity of 15 gallons with the gasoline at an initial temperature of 10 ˚C. The automobile is parked in the sun causing the gasoline’s temperature to rise to 60 ˚C. If the coefficient of volume expansion for gasoline is 9.6 ´ 10-4/C˚, what volume runs out the overflow tube?
a. 1.74 gallons b. 1.18 gallons c. 0.72 gallons d. 0.30 gallons
27. What happens to a given volume of water when heated from 0 ˚C to 4 ˚C?
a. density increases b. density decreases c. density remains constant d. vaporizes
28. What happens to a volume of water when its temperature is reduced from 8 ˚C to 4 ˚C?
a. density increases b. density decreases c. density remains constant d. vaporizes
29. Two moles of nitrogen gas are contained in an enclosed cylinder with a movable piston. If the molecular mass of nitrogen is 28, how many grams of nitrogen are present?
a. 0.14 b. 56 c. 42 d. 112
30. Two moles of nitrogen gas are contained in an enclosed cylinder with a movable piston. If the gas temperature is 298 K, and the pressure is 1.01 ´ 106 N/m2, what is the volume? (R = 8.31 J/mole‑K)
a. 9.8 ´ 10‑3 m3 b. 4.9 ´ 10‑3 m3 c. 17.3 ´ 10‑3 m3 d. 8.3 ´ 10‑3 m3
31. Boltzmann’s constant, kB, may be derived as a function of R, the universal gas constant, and NA, Avogadro’s number. Which expresses the value of kB?
a. NAR2 b. NAR c. R/NA d. NA/R
32. How many atoms are present in a sample of pure iron with a mass of 300 grams? (The atomic mass of iron = 56 and NA = 6.02 ´ 1023)
a. 1.8 ´ 1019 b. 6.7 ´ 1022 c. 1.6 ´ 1028 d. 3.2 ´ 1024
33. What is the root mean square velocity of chlorine gas molecules at a temperature of 320 K?(R = 8.31 ´ 103 J/kmole‑K, NA = 6. 02 ´ 1023, and the molecular mass of Cl2 = 71)
a. 1.7 ´ 102 m/s b. 3.3 ´ 102 m/s c. 0.8 ´ 104 m/s d. 1.1 ´ 105 m/s
34. Two moles of an ideal gas at 3 ATM and 10 ˚C is heated up to 150 ˚C. If the volume is held constant during this heating, what is the final pressure?
a. 4.48 ATM b. 1. 76 ATM c. 0.14 ATM d. 1.00 ATM
35. One way to heat a gas is to compress it. A gas at 1 ATM at 25 ˚C is compressed to 1/10 of its original volume, and it reaches 40 ATM pressure. What is its new temperature?
a. 1500K b.1500 ˚C c. 1192 ˚C d. 919 ˚C
36.A pressure of 10‑7 mm of Hg is achieved in a vacuum system. How many gas molecules are present per liter volume if the temperature is 293 K? (760 mm of Hg = 1 ATM, R = 0.081 liter‑ATM/mole‑K and NA = 6.02 ´ 1023) a. 16 ´ 1018 b. 4.7 ´ 1016 c. 3.3 ´ 1012 d. 3.4 ´ 109 37. A helium-filled weather balloon has a 0.9 m radius at lift off where air pressure is 1 ATM and the temperature is 298 K. When airborne, the temperature is 210 K, and its radius expands to 3.0 m. What is the pressure at the airborne location?
a. 0.5 ATM b. 0.013 ATM c. 0.019 ATM d. 0.38 ATM
38. If the temperature of an ideal gas contained in a box is increased:
a. the average velocity of the molecules in the box will be increased. b. the average speed of the molecules in the box will be increased. c. the distance between molecules in the box will be increased. d. all of the above.
39. At what temperature is the same numerical value obtained in Celsius and Fahrenheit?
a. ‑40˚ b. 0˚ c. 40˚ d. ‑72˚
40. Normal body temperature for humans is 37 ˚C. What is this temperature in Kelvins?
a. 296 b. 310 c. 393 d. 273
41. The thermal expansion of a solid is caused by:
a. the breaking of bonds between atoms. b. increasing the amplitude of the atoms vibration. c. increasing the distance between equilibrium positions for the vibrating atoms. d. all of the above.
42. A steel sphere sits on top of an aluminum ring. The steel sphere (a = 1.1 ´ 10‑5/C˚) has a diameter of 4.000 cm at 0 ˚C. The aluminum ring (a = 2.4 ´ 10‑5/C˚) has an inside diameter of 3.994 cm at 0 ˚C. At what temperature will the sphere fall through the ring?
a. 461.5 ˚C b. 208.0 ˚C c. 115.7 ˚C d. 57.7 ˚C
43. Between 0˚ and 4 ˚C, the volume coefficient of expansion for water:
a. is positive. b. is zero. c. is becoming less dense. d. is negative.
44. For an ideal gas of a given mass, if the pressure remains the same and the volume increases:
a. the average kinetic energy of the molecules decreases. b. the average kinetic energy of the molecules stays the same. c. the average kinetic energy of the molecules increases. d. There is not enough information to determine the change in kinetic energy of the molecules.
45. John rapidly pulls a plunger out of a cylinder. As the plunger moves away, the gas molecules bouncing off the plunger are:
a. rebounding at the same speed as they would have had if the plunger wasn’t removed. b. rebounding at a lower speed than they would have had if the plunger wasn’t removed. c. rebounding at the same speed as they would have had if the plunger wasn’t removed. d. Whether they speed up or slow down depends on how fast the plunger is removed.
46. Consider two containers with the same volume and temperature. Container One holds “dry” air – a mixture of nitrogen and oxygen. Container Two holds “moist” air. The “moist” air has the same ratio of nitrogen to oxygen molecules, but also contains water vapor. According to the ideal gas law, if the pressures are equal, the weight of the gas inside Container One will be:
a. lighter than the gas inside the second container. b. equal to the weight of the gas in the second container. c. heavier than the gas inside the second container. d. all the above are incorrect because the pressures cannot be equal.
47. Evaporation cools the liquid that is left behind because the molecules that leave the liquid during evaporation:
a. have kinetic energy. b. have greater than average speed. c. have broken the bonds that held them in the liquid. d. create vapor pressure.
48. A closed room contains warm, moist air. Increasing the temperature of the room must:
a. increase the relative humidity even if the absolute humidity stays constant. b. keep the relative humidity constant if the absolute humidity stays constant. c. decrease the relative humidity if the absolute humidity stays constant. d. decrease the absolute humidity.
49. A long steel beam has a length of 25 m on a cold day when the temperature is 0 ˚C. What is the length of the beam on a hot day when T = 40 ˚C? (asteel= 1.1 ´ 10‑5/C˚)
a. 25.00044 m b. 25.0044 m c. 25.011 m d. 25.044 m
50. Suppose the ends of a 20 m long steel beam are rigidly clamped at 0 ˚C to prevent expansion. The rail has a cross‑sectional area of 30 cm2. What force does the beam exert when it is heated to 40 ˚C? (asteel = 1.1 ´ 10‑5/C˚, Ysteel = 2 ´ 1011 N/m2).
a. 2.64 ´ 105 N b. 5.61 ´ 104 N c. 1.32 ´ 103 N d. 6.50 ´ 102 N
51. Carbon dioxide forms into a solid (dry ice) at approximately ‑157 ˚F. What temperature in degrees Celsius does this correspond to?
a. ‑157 ˚C b. ‑ 930C c. ‑121 ˚C d. ‑105 ˚C
52. How many moles of air must escape from a 10 m ´ 8 m ´ 5 m room when the temperature is raised from 0 ˚C to 20 ˚C? Assume the pressure remains unchanged while the room is heated.
a. 1308 moles b. 1011 moles c. 746 moles d. 373 moles
53. Estimate the volume of a helium‑filled balloon at STP if it is to lift a payload of 500 kg. The density of air is 1.29 kg/m3 and helium has a density of 0.178 kg/m3.
a. 4406 m3 b. 932 m3 c. 450 m3 d. 225 m3
54. Tricia puts forty‑four grams of dry ice (solid CO2) into a 2‑liter container and seals the top. The dry ice turns to gas at room temperature (20 ˚C). Find the pressure increase in the 2‑liter container? (1 mole of CO2 is 44 grams)
a. 6 ATM b. 12 ATM c. 18 ATM d. 2 ATM
55. The mass of a hot air balloon and its cargo (not including the air inside) is 200 kg. The air outside is at a temperature of 10 ˚C and a pressure of 1 ATM = 105 N/m2. The volume of the balloon is 400 m3. To what temperature must the air in the balloon be heated before the balloon will lift off? (Air density at 10 ˚C is 1.25 kg/m3).
a. 37 ˚C b. 69 ˚C c. 99 ˚C d. 200 ˚C
56. Nine grams of water is placed into a 2 liter pressure cooker and heated to 500 ˚C. What is the pressure inside the container? (R = 0.082 liter‑ATM/mole‑˚K)
a. 7.9 ATM b. 15.8 ATM c. 23.7 ATM d. 31.6 ATM
57. At 20 ˚C an aluminum ring has an inner diameter of 5 cm, and a brass rod has a diameter of 5.05 cm. To what temperature must the aluminum ring be heated to just slip over the brass rod? (aAl = 2.4 ´ 10-5 /C˚, abrass = 1.9 ´ 10-5/C˚ )
a. 111 ˚C b. 236 ˚C c. 384 ˚C d. 437 ˚C
58. A spherical air bubble originating from a scuba diver at a depth of 18.0 m has a diameter of 1.0 cm. What will the bubble’s diameter be when it reaches the surface? (Assume constant temp)
a. 0.7 cm b. 1.0 cm c. 1.4 cm d. 1.7 cm
59. As a copper wire is heated, its length increases by 0.1%. What is the change of the temperature of the wire? (aCu = 16.6 ´ 10-6/C˚)
a. 120.4 ˚C b. 60.2 ˚C c. 30.1 ˚C d. 6.0 ˚C
60. A tank with a volume of 0.15 m3 contains 27 ˚C helium gas at a pressure of 100 ATM. How many balloons can be blown up if each filled balloon is a sphere 30 cm in diameter at 27 ˚C and absolute pressure of 1.2 ATM?
a. 963 balloons b. 884 balloons c. 776 balloons d. 598 balloons
Chapter 12 - Answers
# Ans Difficulty # Ans Difficulty
1. A 1 31. C 2 2. C 2 32. D 2 3. C 2 33. B 2 4. A 2 34. A 2 5. C 1 35. D 3 6. C 1 36. C 2 7. B 1 37. C 2 8. D 2 38. B 1 9. C 2 39. A 2 10. B 1 40. B 2 11. A 1 41. C 1 12. D 1 42. C 2 13. B 1 43. D 1 14. B 1 44. C 2 15. D 1 45. B 2 16. D 1 46. C 3 17. B 1 47. B 1 18. A 1 48. C 2 19. C 1 49. C 2 20. A 1 50. A 3 21. C 1 51. D 2 22. A 1 52. A 2 23. A 1 53. C 3 24. C 2 54. B 2 25. C 2 55. D 3 26. C 2 56. B 3 27. A 1 57. D 3 28. A 1 58. C 3 29. B 1 59. B 2 30. B 2 60. B 2
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